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import Article from "@/components/Article";
const ArticleCranialOsteopathyFaq = () => {
return (
<Article
title="Cranial Osteopathy FAQs"
author="Richard A. Feely, D.O., FAAO, FCA, FAAMA"
>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is cranial osteopathy?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Cranial osteopathy is a sub-specialty of osteopathic manipulative
medicine performed by a physician. This sub-specialty deals with subtle
motions of the body through the cranial sacral mechanism. It is a gentle
and powerful system, part of osteopathic medicine, that uses the
patient’s own inherent forces to overcome membranous, articular,
ligamentous strains in the body. It is a diagnostic and treatment method
for soft tissue injuries and especially cranial and sacral structures.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is the cranial rhythm?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. It is a cyclic expansion and contraction of the membranous tissues of
the body that occur 8 to 14 times per minute. It is distinct from other
known pulses of the body, i.e., the heart and respiratory. It can be
felt at all parts of the body by a skilled cranial osteopath.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. Who performs cranial osteopathy?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Cranial osteopathy is an osteopathic technique devised by William
Garner Sutherland, D.O., originating in 1899 and popularized in the
1940s to this day. It is a technique performed by osteopathic
physicians.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is cranial sacral therapy?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Cranial sacral therapy is the use of manual techniques performed by
therapists to unwind membranous articular strains of the cranial sacral
mechanism. Originally developed by William Garner Sutherland, D.O.,
popularized by John Upledger, D.O., and may be performed by any
therapist trained in this manner.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. Who would benefit from cranial osteopathy?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Many patients with a variety of conditions would benefit from cranial
osteopathy, primarily persons with soft tissue injuries with membranous
articular strains to the head, torso and extremities. It is a part of
the osteopathic manipulative medicine physician’s armamentarium in
treating the whole body from a biomechanical perspective, therefore, a
patient suffering from biomechanical dysfunction causing disease such as
asthma, sinusitis, ear-nose-throat problems, cerebral palsy, cranial
synestosis, plageocephalgy and muscle tension headache would benefit
from the use of cranial osteopathy.
</p>
<p>
Cranial osteopathy works on the basis of unwinding the membranous
articular strains that are present in the body thus removing the
biomechanical restrictions that prohibit fluid flow, improve circulation
and restore normal homeostasis to the body part and structure.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. What are the contraindications to cranial osteopathy?
</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Patients with no biomechanical problems and patients with an aversion
to being treated or touched.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. How does it feel while being treated?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. The physician places a very light touch on your head, spine and
sacrum examining the cranial rhythmic impulse and verifying the areas of
the body where the impulse is restricted. The physician gently unwinds
the membranous articular strains with his/her hands. When that happens,
the patient may feel a slight sensation where the physician’s hands are
placed, otherwise, there is no sensation of pain or any other activities
while he/she is performing these maneuvers on your body.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is cranial manipulation?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Cranial manipulation is the application of an osteopathic physician’s
hands to the body, palpating the cranial rhythmic impulse—also known as
the primary respiratory mechanism, or third pulse of the body. The
physician determines the rate and amplitude of the cranial rhythmic
impulse, or lack thereof. Then, subtle pressure is applied to the body
part to enhance the movement of fluid and energy to that area. After the
connective tissue and the fascia (a web-like covering over all muscle
and tissue) are released from tension, the cranial rhythmic impulse will
have free rein and health will be restored to that body part.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. How does cranial manipulation work?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. The body produces cerebrospinal fluid, which fluctuates 10 to 14
times a minute within the dura mater—the covering of the brain and
spinal cord. The billions of brain cells expand and contract, which
electrically and biochemically and hemodynamically cause a perceived
pulse—the cranial rhythmic impulse.
</p>
<p>
Because of the articular design of the 22 bones of the skull, motion is
permitted. The articular design of the sacrum (at the base of the spine)
between the ilea or hip bones permits motion down the spine. Because the
membranes covering the brain and spinal cord have elastin tissue and are
allowed to expand and relax, the cranial rhythmic impulse can be felt.
The amount of movement can be measured in millimeters and can be felt in
all parts of the body by a skilled cranial osteopath.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. What can I expect to feel during and after a treatment?
</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. During a treatment, you can expect to feel subtle pressures on the
head, spinal column and tailbone. You may also feel a slight pounding of
fluid under the doctor’s hand. After a treatment, you may expect to feel
overall general well-being, as well as relief of some or all pain.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. Do some patients feel cranial manipulation more strongly than
others?
</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Yes. Generally speaking, the more out of balance a patient is, the
more he or she will feel the cranial manipulation. Some people are also
more sensitive than others.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. How long are the treatments?</strong>
</p>
<p>A. Cranial manipulative treatments typically take 10 to 30 minutes.</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. How frequently should I get a treatment?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Depending on your condition, treatment may be recommended once or
twice a week on an outpatient basis. As your condition improves,
treatments should taper to twice a month, then once a month, and finally
to three or four times a year for preventive maintenance.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. Are there any after-treatment restrictions?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. It is not good to do heavy exercise, consume alcohol, eat a heavy
meal or engage in sexual activity within 12 hours after a treatment.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. What is the duration of the relief? Can it be permanent?
</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. The duration of relief can be from hours to days, and generally
increases with successive treatments. Pain relief can be permanent.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What should I bring with me to my first appointment?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. You should bring any x-rays, MRIs, MRAs, CT scans and PET scans with
you on your first cranial manipulation visit. Also remember to bring any
laboratory and neurodiagnostic studies, such as EEGs, EMGs and
NCV-SSEPs.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. What age range benefits most from cranial manipulation?
</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. The younger the patient, the more benefits he or she receives from
cranial manipulation. The best results are found in patients in the
first six months of life, followed by age six months to two years, age
two to six, and age seven to 18. With each successive decade, a patient
will usually need longer and more frequent treatments to achieve the
desired results.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. Which illnesses respond best to cranial manipulation?
</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Cranial manipulation is very effective in treating any mechanical
trauma to the head or tailbone. Birth trauma responds the quickest and
most completely to this form of treatment.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. What is Dr. Feely’s success rate with cranial manipulation?
</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Most patients are greatly improved or cured within six to eight
visits.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. Is there a clearinghouse for osteopaths who practice cranial
manipulation?
</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Yes. The Cranial Academy can give you a list of competency-tested
cranial osteopaths in your area. For physician referrals, send a
self-addressed, stamped business-size envelope ($0.55 postage) to:
</p>
<p>
The Cranial Academy
<br />
Referrals
<br />
8202 Clearvista Parkway, #9-D
<br />
Indianapolis, IN 46256
</p>
<p>
Please include the city and state for which you are requesting
referrals.
</p>
<p>
The Cranial Academy will also fulfill requests for physician referrals
by e-mail or fax for a $10 charge; Visa and MasterCard are accepted.
Requests are fulfilled within 24 hours.
</p>
<p>
To request a referral by e-mail, contact:{" "}
<a href="mailto:cranacad@aol.com">cranacad@aol.com</a>
<br />
Fax referral requests to: 317/594-9299
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. Can any osteopath perform cranial manipulation?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Yes. Any licensed osteopath is able to perform manipulation,
including cranial osteopathic manipulation. But all osteopaths are not
highly skilled in this specialized form of treatment. Contact the
Cranial Academy at the address above for a referral to an osteopath who
is skilled in cranial manipulation.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. Are there specialists within osteopathic medicine?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Yes, there are osteopathic specialists in all recognized medical
specialties, from obstetrics, neurosurgery and cardiology to family
practice. Most DOs are family practitioners. A few, like Dr. Feely,
specialize in osteopathic manipulation.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. Can there be a change in the body’s reaction to prescription drugs
while undergoing this treatment?
</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Yes. When a person is under the influence of a narcotic, cranial
osteopathic manipulation often takes longer, more frequent treatments.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. Does Dr. Feely work in conjunction with MDs to balance a patient’s
prescription drugs and overall treatment?
</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Yes. Dr. Feely recognizes the importance of all of your health care
providers understanding your treatment regimen, as well as being aware
of any and all prescription medications you may be taking. If you need
additional medication or changes in your medication, Dr. Feely will be
happy to speak with your physician or prescribe it himself.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. Is it realistic to expect to be prescription drug-free after
successful treatment?
</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Not all patients will have total relief with osteopathic
manipulation. Some patients may need to continue a few prescription
drugs. However, most patients will decrease their amount of medicine
dependency, as well as the need for painkillers and other frequently
used drugs such as migraine medications.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. What is the price range for cranial osteopathic manipulation
treatments?
</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Dr. Feely normally performs cranial osteopathic manipulation in
conjunction with total body osteopathic manipulation treatments. For
price information, please contact our office manager, Farida Charania,
at 312-266-8565.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. Is a referral from an MD necessary for cranial osteopathic
manipulation?
</strong>
</p>
<p>A. No.</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. Does medical insurance cover osteopathic manipulation?
</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Yes, most medical insurance covers osteopathic manipulative treatment
when the claim form is properly coded and the insurance company applies
the proper definition to those codes, and does not self-impose any
restrictions on manipulation. Some insurance plans allow only about
$1,000 of treatment per calendar year; other plans do not pay for an
office visit and osteopathic manipulation performed on the same day.
</p>
</Article>
);
};
export default ArticleCranialOsteopathyFaq;

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import Article from "@/components/Article";
const ArticleCranialOsteopathy = () => {
return (
<Article
title="Cranial Osteopathy"
author="Richard A. Feely, D.O., FAAO, FCA, FAAMA"
>
<p>
Cranial osteopathy, also known as osteopathy in the cranial field, was
developed as a natural extension of Dr. Andrew Taylor Still’s – the
founder of the osteopathic profession – philosophical and therapeutic
approaches to health through manipulation. William Gardner Sutherland
D.O. was the founder of cranial osteopathy, utilizing the body’s
inherent forces to overcome membranous articular restrictions
principally in the head and spine with secondary effects throughout the
rest of the body.
</p>
<p>
A cranial osteopath is an osteopathic physician and surgeon in the
United States. In other countries, the osteopathic physician has a
limited license. He or she diagnoses the patient holistically, body,
mind and spirit with particular detail to the musculoskeletal system and
the cranial sacral mechanism in particular. The cranial sacral mechanism
is a dynamic force within the living human body. It is the Qi or energy
of the central nervous system and is reflected throughout the rest of
the body.
</p>
<p>
Cranial osteopathy is a sub-specialty within osteopathic manipulative
medicine. It has a unique defined body of knowledge, educational
requirements and specific diagnostic treatment procedures that are part
and parcel of a complete osteopathic manipulative medicine specialist
practice. Diligent study of anatomy, physiology and pathology is
required to become a cranial osteopath. True system of preventive
medicine, treating the whole person, not just the disease.
</p>
<p>
Osteopathic medical schools teach courses in all branches of medicine
and surgery in the United States and various manipulative techniques. It
takes four years of training in osteopathic medical schools in the
United States. Most D.O.’s seek additional training in cranial
osteopathy after graduation. Most osteopathic medical schools in the
United States involve two hundred to three hundred hours of osteopathic
manipulative diagnostic and treatment education
</p>
<h2>The Cranial Academy</h2>
<p>
The professional organization representing D.O.’s who practice cranial
osteopathy, The Cranial Academy, requires a 40 hours basic course just
for membership and after that most osteopathic physicians have an
additional 100 to 200 hours of training in osteopathic manipulative
medicine related to the cranial field. In addition, The Cranial Academy
offers competency testing and fellowship certification for D.O’s
receiving national prominence.
</p>
<p>
Cranial osteopaths were originally labeled as quacks for identifying
that the bones of the skull were slightly mobile and that this mobility
allowed for membranous articular strains that could cause dysfunction
and pain. Today, scientist and many M.D’s through the use of high-tech
diagnostic equipment agree that there is a motion present in the
cranium.
</p>
<p>
There are many other therapies and therapist out there that claim to be
cranial osteopaths. But only physicians (M.D’s. D.O.’s and dentists) can
be trained by The Cranial Academy, the national organization recognized
by the American Academy of Osteopathy and the American Osteopathic
Association (AOA) as the professional organization in this field.
</p>
<p>
Cranial osteopathy cannot be effectively learned via the Internet or
reading books. It is a psychomotor skill be best taught with hands on
guidance. It must be practiced on living human heads with a skilled
trained practitioners providing guidance, experience, knowledge, skill
and information to the student.
</p>
<h2>The Rhythmic Impulse</h2>
<p>
The body has a self healing mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is the
third pulse of the body that emanates from the central nervous system.
This inherent motility of the brain and spinal cord occurs with the
initial inspiration of the breath of life at birth. This primary
respiratory mechanism called the cranial rhythmic impulse which is
associated with a very slight coiling and uncoiling of the spinal cord
and the central nervous system. The bones of the head and the central
nervous system become slightly wider and shorter from front to back in
the inspiration or flexion phase of the sphenobasilar synchondrosis. In
the exhalation phase, the primary phase, the primary respiratory
mechanism moves in just opposite direction. The head and central nervous
system becomes longer and slightly wider. This amount of movement is in
the millimeter range. One measurement placed it within hundredths of an
inch. But this varies according to where one measures the motion, at
which suture.
</p>
<p>
The fluctuation of the cerebral spinal fluid occurs with the motion of
the billions of glial cells in the central nervous system and this
movement occurs in the relatively closed container of the cranium. As
the brain and spinal cord change shape and go through the cycle of
inhalation and exhalation/flexion and extension, the cerebral spinal
fluid fluctuates back and forth within the spaces of the brain and
spinal cord. This helps push the cerebral spinal fluid through the small
channels around the nerved down the spinal cord and exiting the central
nervous system into the peripheral nervous system. The motion of the
membranes of the head called the dura mater that surround the bones and
house the vessels in the skull. The dura membranes appear as the three
attached sickle shaped membranes forming a tripod to support the brain
and skull.
</p>
<p>
They are called the falx cerebri and the tentorum cerebelli with a small
slip dividing the left and right half of the cerebellum. They limit and
control the slight motion of the bones of the head effecting the whole
fasat mechanism involving the cranium to the sacrum. The dura membranes
are firmly attached at the foramen magnum, second and third cervical
vertebra and the sacral segment. The 26 bones of the head are in slight
rhythmic motion along with the cerebral spinal fluid, the central
nervous system, the dural membranes and the sacrum. These cranial bones
are architecturally designed to fit together with various grooves and
gear-like articulation with each other. The sutures are comprised on
connective tissues, membranes and blood vessels with elastic tissue
identified microscopically. Since the dura is firmly attached at the
base of the skull and the sacrum, motion of the cranial mechanism is
transmitted into the sacrum. The cranium and the sacrum work together in
a flexion and extension phases. This constant rhythmic motion moves the
sacrum into nutation and antinutation.
</p>
</Article>
);
};
export default ArticleCranialOsteopathy;

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import Article from "@/components/Article";
const ArticleIntroToOsteopathy = () => {
return (
<Article
title="Introduction to Osteopathy"
author="Richard A. Feely, D.O., FAAO, FCA, FAAMA"
>
<h2>Section A | What is it?</h2>
<p>
Today, only one branch of mainstream medicine follows the Hippocratic
philosophy of medical care that centers on the patient, not the disease.
It is Osteopathic Medicine and, currently, some 36,233 osteopathic
physicians and surgeons offer this dimension in medical care.
</p>
<p>
Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.’s) are fully licensed and
recognized physicians and surgeons who stress the unity of all body
systems. They emphasize holistic medicine-awareness of proper nutrition
and environmental factors; a hands-on approach to medicine; and a unique
aid to the diagnosis and treatment of various illnesses known as
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment.
</p>
<p>
One of the Osteopathic concepts of good medicine is that the body’s
musculoskeletal system is central to the patient’s well-being.
</p>
<p>
The system includes the bones, muscles, tendons, tissues, nerves and
spinal column–about 60 percent of the body mass. This framework works
with all the body’s organs. It responds–properly or improperly—every
time a breath is drawn or any other body movement occurs. Besides being
prone to mechanical disorders, the musculoskeletal system reflects many
internal illnesses and may aggravate or accelerate the disease process
throughout the body. The osteopathic physician takes advantage of this
fact in management not only of problems of the musculoskeletal system
itself, but also in managing disorders affecting the rest of the body as
well.
</p>
<p>
Osteopathic physicians utilize all of the recognized procedures and
modern technologies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease,
including drugs, radiation and surgery. In addition, the D.O. assesses
the musculoskeletal system by the use of a finely trained sense of touch
with the hands in a process called palpatory diagnosis. Disorders found
there are treated by the introduction of carefully applied manual
forces, directed to the bones, muscles and joints, in a type of
treatment called Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT), or simply
“manipulation.” Osteopathic manipulation of the musculoskeletal system
is a proven technique for many diagnoses and treatments. Often, it can
provide an alternative to therapies involving drugs or surgery.
</p>
<p>
Because musculoskeletal dysfunction can mimic many diseases, osteopathic
manipulation is an important component in diagnosis, as well as a means
of correcting structural problems.
</p>
<p>
For example, it has been well-documented that diseases of specific
organs can produce pain in other parts of the body. Stomach ulcers
consistently cause area of spinal pain and irritation just below the
shoulders in the back. The radiation of pain to the loin is the
reflection of pain and disability to the left shoulder following heart
disease. In diagnosing such diseases, D.O.’s recognize that symptoms can
be produced without actual disorder in organs to which pain has been
referred.
</p>
<p>
Also, disturbances affecting the musculoskeletal system can cause
symptoms that stimulate other illnesses. Among the most common causes of
recurrent headaches, for example, is disorder of the cervical (upper)
portion of the spinal column. Properly applied manipulative treatment,
particularly directed to the head and neck, can often relieve headache
symptoms when other remedies have failed.
</p>
<p>
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment is often part of the medical
treatment for stress headaches, sinus problems and pulmonary distress.
Obstetricians often use manipulation to relieve low back pain during
pregnancy or as additional medical treatment for menstrual cramps.
</p>
<p>
Studies indicate that Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment, as part of the
total patient treatment, actually accelerates the rate of recovery from
illness or injury, keeping hospital or home stays to a minimum.
</p>
<p>
By combining unique osteopathic principles with traditional diagnostic
and therapeutic procedures, D.O.’s offer a balanced system of health
care to both prevent and cure disease. The osteopathic approach is a
true system of preventive medicine, treating the whole person, not just
the disease.
</p>
<h2>Section B | What is the Difference?</h2>
<p>
American osteopathic physicians are fully licensed physicians and
surgeons. To become fully licensed, they must graduate from one of 16
osteopathic medical schools accredited by the Bureau of Professional
Education of the American Osteopathic Association. After completing
osteopathic medical school, D.O.s serve a one-year internship. During
that year, they gain hands-on experience in internal medicine,
obstetrics/gynecology, family practice, pediatrics and surgery. Often a
D.O. will opt to continue their education by entering a two to six year
residency program in a specialty area such as cardiology, neurology or
thoracic surgery.
</p>
<p>
There are currently 35,000 D.O.s in the United States, with 60 percent
of them in primary care areas of family practice, internal medicine,
obstetrics/gynecology and pediatrics. D.O.s comprise 5.5 percent of the
total physician population and 18 percent of all physicians in the
military. By the year 2000, there will be 45,000 osteopathic physicians
in practice in the United States. Each year, 100 million patient visits
are made to D.O.s.
</p>
<p>
Unlike in England, in the USA an osteopathic doctor is a fully licensed
and trained physician and surgeon like an MD but with the addition of
osteopathic manipulation. Each DO is licensed by each individual state
to practice Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery. An English DO to practice
in the US would have to take 4 years of Osteopathic Medicine at a US
college plus 3 years of residency/internship, then pass a national or
state board exam. He would then be able to apply and receive a state
license.
</p>
<p>DOs and MDs are Similar</p>
<ol>
<li>
All must have four years of undergraduate training with an emphasis on
science courses.
</li>
<li>All must complete four years of basic medical education.</li>
<li>
All may choose a medical specialty after completing medical school.
</li>
<li>
All must pass an unlimited physician and surgeon state licensing
examination.
</li>
<li>
All may practice in fully accredited, licensed hospitals and medical
centers.
</li>
</ol>
<p>DOs and MDs are Different</p>
<ol>
<li>
<strong>D.O.s focus on preventive health care.</strong>
</li>
<li>
<strong>
D.O.s receive additional training in the musculoskeletal system,
gaining a therapeutic and diagnostic advantage.
</strong>
</li>
<li>
<strong>
D.O.s do not treat specific illnesses or symptoms, but instead
practice a whole person approach to medicine.
</strong>
</li>
<li>
<strong>
D.O.s incorporate osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) into
their practice which allows them to use their hands to diagnose and
treat soft tissue injury or illness, thereby encouraging the body’s
natural tendency toward health.
</strong>
</li>
</ol>
<h2>DOs, MDs and DCs</h2>
<p>
While health care practitioners are very familiar with the similarities
and differences between their particular treatment approaches, many
times the public is not. The following table is provided to help give a
general overview of the training and root philosophies of these three
professional disciplines.
</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>Osteopathic Physicians (DO)</th>
<th>Allopathic Physicians (MD’s)</th>
<th>Chiropractors (DC’s)</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Undergraduate Training Required</strong>
</td>
<td>4 years</td>
<td>4 years</td>
<td>4 years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Postgraduate Training Required</strong>
</td>
<td>5-8 years</td>
<td>5-8 years</td>
<td>3-4 years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Hospital Residency Required</strong>
</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Able to Prescribe Drugs</strong>
</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Able to Perform Surgery</strong>
</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Training in Bodily Manipulation</strong>
</td>
<td>
Receives 300-500 hours extensive training in bodily manipulation
including cranial, extremity, spinal joints, and connective tissue
</td>
<td>
Receives no formal training in manipulation, spinal or otherwise
</td>
<td>Receive up to 600 hours in the use of spinal manipulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Founders</strong>
</td>
<td>
A.T. Still, physician whose philosophy is a “whole person” approach
and whose emphasis was on disease prevention as well as cure. A.T.
Still was an American original.
</td>
<td>
German trained physicians who viewed the body as being comprised
primarily of parts and who emphasized treating symptoms through
drugs and surgery.
</td>
<td>
D. D. Palmer who felt that spinal manipulation could effectively
address 95% of all illness. Briefly studied with A. T. Still, then
developed his own techniques.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2>Section C | Principles</h2>
<p>
Osteopathy is the knowledge of the structure, relations and functions of
each part and tissue of the human body applied to the adjustment in the
correction in whatever may be interfering with the harmonious operation.
Doctors of osteopathy conceive of man as a biomechanism, an organic
machine which, as long as the cells, tissues, organs, muscles, ligaments
and bones are normal in themselves in their reciprocal relationships,
they will function normally. They maintain that structural integrity and
physiological adjustment of the tissues and fluid tensions of the
organism which form the most important factors in maintaining health.
Life essentials-food, water, light, air, heat, exercise, protection and
rest-are necessary also environmental and psychological harmony. In an
organism structurally perfect, these constitute the requirements of man
for maintaining health. The principles of osteopathy follow the logic of
an applied knowledge of anatomy, physiology and pathology.
</p>
<p>The principles of Osteopathy are as follow:</p>
<ol>
<li>that the body is a unit</li>
<li>structure and function are reciprocally interrelated</li>
<li>the body possesses self regulating mechanisms</li>
<li>
the body rationale therapy is based upon knowledge and use of the
above three principles.
</li>
</ol>
<p>
The osteopathic concept includes surgery which osteopathic physicians
practice and recommend as indicated. Osteopathy is not drug-less
profession in the strict sense of the word. It uses drugs which have
specific scientific value and proven effectiveness. The osteopathic
physician is a skilled engineer of the vital human mechanism influencing
by manipulation and other osteopathic measures the activity of the nerve
cells, glands and organs and the distribution and the distribution of
fluids and the discharge of nerve impulses therefore, normalizing tissue
fluid and function.
</p>
</Article>
);
};
export default ArticleIntroToOsteopathy;

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#!/bin/sh
for arg in $@; do
mkdir ${arg}
component_name="Article$(echo ${arg} | sed -e 's/-\(.\)/\U\1/g;s/^\(.\)/\U\1/;s/-//g')"
cat > "${arg}/page.tsx" <<EOF
import Article from "@/components/Article";
const ${component_name} = () => {
return (
<Article
title=""
author=""
>
</Article>
);
};
export default ${component_name};
EOF
done

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import Article from "@/components/Article";
const ArticleOsteopathComparisonTable = () => {
return (
<Article
title="Osteopath Comparison Table"
author="Richard A. Feely, D.O., FAAO, FCA, FAAMA"
>
<table>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>Osteopathic Physicians (DO)</th>
<th>Allopathic Physicians (MD’s)</th>
<th>Chiropractors (DC’s)</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Undergraduate Training Required</strong>
</td>
<td>4 years</td>
<td>4 years</td>
<td>4 years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Postgraduate Training Required</strong>
</td>
<td>5-8 years</td>
<td>5-8 years</td>
<td>3-4 years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Hospital Residency Required</strong>
</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Able to Prescribe Drugs</strong>
</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Able to Perform Surgery</strong>
</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Training in Bodily Manipulation</strong>
</td>
<td>
Receives 300-500 hours extensive training in bodily manipulation
including cranial, extremity, spinal joints, and connective tissue
</td>
<td>
Receives no formal training in manipulation, spinal or otherwise
</td>
<td>Receive up to 600 hours in the use of spinal manipulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<strong>Founders</strong>
</td>
<td>
A.T. Still, physician whose philosophy is a “whole person” approach
and whose emphasis was on disease prevention as well as cure. A.T.
Still was an American original.
</td>
<td>
German trained physicians who viewed the body as being comprised
primarily of parts and who emphasized treating symptoms through
drugs and surgery.
</td>
<td>
D. D. Palmer who felt that spinal manipulation could effectively
address 95% of all illness. Briefly studied with A. T. Still, then
developed his own techniques.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</Article>
);
};
export default ArticleOsteopathComparisonTable;

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import Article from "@/components/Article";
const ArticleOsteopathicManipulationInPregnancy = () => {
return (
<Article
title="Osteopathic Manipulation in Pregnancy"
author="Andrea S. Clem, D.O."
>
<h2>Overview</h2>
<p>
During pregnancy, a woman’s body undergoes many anatomic (structural),
circulatory (fluid), and hormonal changes that may lead to various
musculoskeletal complaints, increase her risk of injury, or alter the
course of pre-existing conditions. Some of the more common complaints
include low back and pelvic pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, headache,
nausea, vomiting, and edema. Approximately 2/3 of women with rheumatoid
arthritis will have improvement in their symptoms during pregnancy but
may suffer a flare-up in the post partum period. Many women with
ankylosing spondylitis may have an exacerbation of symptoms. Women with
scoliosis have no increased risk over non pregnant women for
progression. [1,2]
</p>
<p>
Most of the symptoms encountered can be attributed to the development
and growth of the fetus and are often specific to the different
trimesters of the pregnancy. Osteopathic manipulation can play an
important role in providing relief for the common complaints throughout
the various stages of pregnancy, delivery, and the post partum period.
</p>
<h2>First Trimester</h2>
<p>
Common conditions in the first trimester include heartburn as well as
nausea and vomiting (“morning sickness”). Structural dysfunction is
often found at the spinal levels related to the nervous system supply to
the organs involved. Osteopathic manipulation to the cervical and
thoracic spine can be used to influence these nervous system inputs,
providing relief for gastrointestinal complaints. [3]
</p>
<h2>Second Trimester</h2>
<p>
As the uterus increases in size, pain may be felt through the round
ligaments and the pubic symphysis. Once it expands from the pelvis in to
the abdomen, the diaphragm becomes elevated affecting breathing. Fascial
release through the abdomen, ribcage, and diaphragms may improve
respiration and prevent or alleviate backache, sciatica, cramps or
posterior pelvic pain. The second most common complaint in the second
trimester is hand and wrist pain resulting from localized swelling.
Anywhere from 1% -25% of all pregnant women may exhibit the classic
carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms of numbness, tingling, and night-time
pain. Since it almost always resolves after delivery, conservative
treatment is recommended. This would include night time splinting and
manipulative treatment aimed at improving lymphatic flow and releasing
tension at the wrist. [1,3]
</p>
<h2>Third Trimester</h2>
<p>
Mechanical and structural changes are at their greatest in the third
trimester. These result in changes in gait, loss of balance, and low
back pain. Gravitational effects from the uterus in the abdomen and
pelvis cause pressure that decreases lymphatic and venous return from
the lower extremities leading to edema and hemorrhoids. Constipation and
reflux are also common. Osteopathic manipulation to the pelvic floor and
mid thoracic and lumbar spine helps to mobilize fluid and relieve these
complaints.
</p>
<h2>Labor &amp; Delivery</h2>
<p>
During labor, Osteopathic manipulation focused at the lower thoracic and
lumbar areas can influence the nerves that supply the pelvic organs.
Soft tissue and myofascial treatment of the pelvis and sacrum can help
to maintain good mobility of the sacrum, allow for proper rotation and
descent of the fetal head, and influence cervical dilation. Osteopathy
in the Cranial Field has been shown in studies to influence uterine
contractility and help to overcome uterine inertia by its effect on the
pituitary secretion of oxytocin. [4, 5]
</p>
<h2>Post Partum</h2>
<p>
Throughout pregnancy, a woman’s body produces the hormone relaxin. This
allows the joints of the pelvis to become flexible for the fetus to
pass. It is also responsible for the increased joint laxity that can
lead to the dysfunctions that occur during pregnancy and delivery. Since
the serum levels of relaxin return to near normal three days post
partum, treatment immediately after delivery can help to re-align the
sacropelvic structures that have just undergone the stress of pushing
and positioning in stirrups. Later follow-up with osteopathic
manipulation is useful for the treatment of any persistent pain in the
low back or pelvis.
</p>
<h2>Contraindications</h2>
<p>
In most cases, the use of Osteopathic manipulation in pregnancy is both
safe and effective. Conditions where it should not be used include:
premature labor, abruption placentae, rupture of membranes without
labor, incompetent cervix, eclampsia, and ectopic pregnancy. 5
</p>
<h2>Summary</h2>
<p>
Pregnancy is a time where a women’s body undergoes many changes-often
resulting in some form of musculoskeletal complaint. Osteopathic
manipulation can serve as a valuable adjuvant therapy in the normal
obstetrical care. By providing relief from pain, maintaining homeostasis
and circulation, and supporting labor and delivery, pregnancy can be a
more comfortable and enjoyable experience.
</p>
<h2>References</h2>
<p>
1. Ireland M, Ott S. The Effects of Pregnancy on the Musculoskeletal
System. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2000. 372:169-179.
</p>
<p>
2. Jones A, Lockwood M. Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment in Pregnancy
and Augmentation of Labor: A Case Report. AAO Journal. 18:1 March 2008:
27-29.
</p>
<p>
3. Ward R. Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia,
PA: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins; 2003: 450-461.
</p>
<p>
4. McAfee S, Chila A. Occipital Compression and its Potential Uses in
Obstetrics. AAO Journal. 17:3 September 2007: 27-29.
</p>
<p>
5. DiGiovanna E, Schiowitz S, Dowling D. An Osteopathic Approach to
Diagnosis and Treatment 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams
&amp; Wilkins; 2005: 651-659.
</p>
</Article>
);
};
export default ArticleOsteopathicManipulationInPregnancy;

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import Article from "@/components/Article";
const ArticleOsteopathicManipulativeTreatment = () => {
return (
<Article
title="Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment"
author="Richard A. Feely, D.O., FAAO, FCA, FAAMA"
>
<p>
In an era marked by medical advances, from state-of-the-art surgery to
the newest prescription medication, what unique tool will osteopathic
physicians use? Their hands.
</p>
<p>
Osteopathic physicians (D.O.s) provide you with all the best that
medicine has to offer. They can specialize in any recognized area of
medicine, from pediatrics to neurosurgery. However, their knowledge and
use of the latest medical technology is complemented by their
application of a hands-on treatment tool known as osteopathic
manipulative treatment, or OMT.
</p>
<p>
Using OMT, D.O.s bring an added dimension to healthcare, in the form of
a non-invasive treatment. D.O.s use OMT to diagnose, treat and even
prevent illness or injury. When appropriate it can be used in
conjunction with, or in place of, medication or surgery.
</p>
<h2>Unique Philosophy</h2>
<p>
D.O.s are widely recognized for their incorporation of manipulative
medicine into their spectrum of care. OMT is just one element of the
unique philosophy of osteopathic medicine.
</p>
<h2>The Big Picture</h2>
<p>
By taking the whole person approach to care, D.O.s don’t just focus on
the disease or injury. They look for the underlying causes of disease
instead of simply treating the symptoms. Not only do they consider your
physical condition, but also they take other factors into account like
home, work and family life when making a diagnosis.
</p>
<p>Patient, Heal Thyself</p>
<p>
D.O.s recognize that the body is inherently capable of healing itself,
though it must constantly fight physical, emotional and nutritional
“stressors” to maintain a state of wellness. D.O.s believe in educating
you about good health and prevention of disease.
</p>
<h2>The Musculoskeletal System</h2>
<p>
D.O.s place particular emphasis on the musculoskeletal system, which
comprises two-thirds of the body’s mass. D.O.s believe that all of the
body’s systems, including the musculoskeletal system, work together and
that disturbances in one system may impact function elsewhere in the
body. This understanding of body structure and function provides the
foundation for the osteopathic approach to medicine.
</p>
<h2>The ABC’s of OMT and How It Can Work for You</h2>
<p>
OMT is predicated upon your D.O.’s knowledge of medicine. Once your D.O.
has ruled out mechanical causes for your illness or injury (through
blood and urine testing, X-rays, etc.), and based upon physical and
mechanical findings, your D.O. may decide to utilize OMT. While it is
commonly associated with physical ailments such as low back pain, this
modality can also be used to relieve the discomfort or musculoskeletal
abnormality associated with a number of disorders, including: asthma,
sinus disorder, carpal tunnel, migraines and menstrual pain.
</p>
<p>
The osteopathic approach to treating many diseases includes medication
and/or surgical intervention, plus OMT. OMT can relieve muscle pain
associated with a disease and can hasten your recovery from illness by
promoting blood flow through tissues.
</p>
<h2>Diagnosis</h2>
<p>
Your structural exam will begin with an assessment of your posture,
spine and balance. Your D.O. will then use his fingers to palpate your
back and extremities. Your D.O. will then use his fingers to palpate
your back and extremities. He will also check your joints for
restriction and/or pain during motion as well as check your muscles,
tendons and ligaments where tenderness can signal a problem. Through
extensive osteopathic training in manipulative medicine, D.O.s can
detect changes in tissue, however small, that signal injury or
impairment.
</p>
<p>
Once the structural exam is complete, your D.O. will integrate this
information with your medical history and a complete physical exam.
After that point, a treatment plan can be established.
</p>
<h2>Treatment</h2>
<p>
Using a variety of OMT techniques, your D.O. will apply manual forces to
your body’s affected areas to treat structural abnormalities and will
then apply specific corrective forces to relieve joint restrictions and
misalignments. Based upon the severity of your problem, you may require
more than one treatment.
</p>
<h2>Case 1</h2>
<p>
Mary visited her D.O. complaining of a sharp pain in her side. The
physician asked a series of questions about her pain: its intensity,
onset and duration. They also discussed her medical history. The
physician then ordered a series of tests to determine whether the pain
was caused by disease (i.e. gallbladder or appendix). Tests revealed
that it was not. Since the patient indicated that she worked in an
office with a “surround style” desk, the D.O. considered that Mary might
be suffering from postural/mechanical strain. Based upon his
examination, interview with the patient and negative test results, the
physician decided to employ OMT to relieve motion restrictions and
muscle strain caused by improper sitting and movement. He also
recommended changes in the set-up of her workstation to alleviate
further pain.
</p>
<h2>Case 2</h2>
<p>
Michael’s symptoms included cough, congestion, fever and headache.
Suspecting chronic sinusitis, his D.O. conducted an exam and ordered
appropriate tests. When results confirmed the diagnosis, the physician
prescribed an antibiotic to treat the infection. She also employed a
variety of OMT techniques to promote sinus drainage and relieve pain
related to the infection. Michael’s congestion was markedly reduced
after just one OMT session. Upon completion of his antibiotic therapy
two weeks later, his infection was eliminated.
</p>
<h2>Who Can Benefit</h2>
<p>
People of all ages and backgrounds have found relief from pain and
dysfunction as well as improved mobility through OMT. D.O.s incorporate
this modality into their treatment plans for top athletes and
performance artists, workers with on-the-job injuries and thousands of
people, just like you.
</p>
<h2>Proof Positive</h2>
<p>
A study published in the November 4, 1999 issue of the New England
Journal of Medicine confirms what D.O.s have known for years’ that OMT
works. In this case, researchers examined the effectiveness of OMT for
treating low back pain.
</p>
<p>
Patients were divided into two groups’ one treated with standard options
like hot/cold packs, physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medication
while the other group received OMT and standard care. After a
twelve-week period, patients in both groups showed improvement. However,
researchers learned that the patients receiving OMT required less
medication and physical therapy, resulting in less side effects and
lower health care costs.
</p>
<p>
Another study released on OMT revealed its effectiveness in reducing
pain after a hysterectomy. Researchers measured the amount of morphine
to treat patients’ pain as well as their perception of their pain
levels. Upon the study’s completion, it was determined that
administering OMT significantly reduced patients’ needs for pain
medication.
</p>
<p>
By incorporating OMT into their practice of complete medicine, D.O.s are
providing the most comprehensive care available today.
</p>
<h2>History</h2>
<p>
The earliest medical writings from centuries past describe the efficacy
of manual medicine. In 1874, osteopathic medicine’s founder, Dr. A.T.
Still, recognized the power of hands-on care and incorporated it into
his philosophy of medicine. Dr. Still identified the musculoskeletal
system as a key element of health; he recognized the body’s self-healing
capacity; he emphasized prevention, exercise and keeping fit; and he
identified palpation and human touch as vital and less intrusive
elements of diagnosis and treatment. As the impressive growth of
osteopathic medicine demonstrates, Dr. Still’s founding tenets have
withstood the test of time and scientific scrutiny.
</p>
<h2>Education</h2>
<p>
D.O.s complete four years of medical training at one of the nation’s
fully accredited colleges of osteopathic medicine. The osteopathic
curriculum is intensive and broad-based. It includes comprehensive
training in the musculoskeletal system and the use of OMT. Manipulation
combined with the osteopathic principles of holistic care, prevention
and primary care makes osteopathic medicine unique.
</p>
<p>
Upon graduation from medical school, D.O.s complete a one-year rotating
internship through all the areas of primary care. Afterwards, they may
complete a residency in any of more than 120 specialty and subspecialty
areas of medicine. However, sixty-four percent of all D.O.s remain in
primary care practices.
</p>
</Article>
);
};
export default ArticleOsteopathicManipulativeTreatment;

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import Article from "@/components/Article";
const ArticleOsteopathyFaq = () => {
return (
<Article
title="Osteopathy FAQs"
author="Richard A. Feely, D.O., FAAO, FCA, FAAMA"
>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is Osteopathy?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Osteopathy is a complete school of medicine in the United States. It
is a separate and distinct medical profession with unlimited practice
rights in the field of medicine and surgery. It is a medical art and
science with a unifying holistic philosophy of body, mind and spirit.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is an osteopathic doctor in the USA?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. In the USA, an osteopathic doctor is a fully licensed and trained
physician and surgeon like an MD but with the addition of osteopathic
manipulation. Each DO is licensed by each individual state to practice
Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery. An English DO to practice in the US
would have to take 4 years of Osteopathic Medicine at a US college plus
3 years of residency/internship, then pass a national or state board
exam. He would then be able to apply and receive a state license.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is Osteopathic Manipulation?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Osteopathic manipulation is a manual medical procedure that the
physician applies to a patient. This manual hands-on technique involves
putting joints and tissues through a range of motion, releasing
membranous articular strain, muscle spasm and tight joint capsules and
ligaments. Osteopathic manipulation alleviates somatic dysfunction.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is Somatic Dysfunction?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Somatic dysfunction is impaired or altered function of related
components of the somatic (body framework) system. This includes
skeletal, arthrodial, myofascial structures, and their related vascular,
lymphatic, and neural elements.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is the Osteopathic profession like?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. The osteopathic profession is a group of over 36,000 physicians and
surgeons throughout the United States that are involved in unlimited
medical practice providing diagnosis and treatment in all standard
medical specialties including family practice, internal medicine,
neurosurgery, cardiovascular surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, general
surgery, cardiology, neurology, internal medicine, etc.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. It is a primary care specialty emphasizing in-depth application of
the osteopathic philosophy and special proficiency in osteopathic
diagnosis and treatment.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is Osteopathic manipulative treatment?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. It is a diagnosis followed by therapeutic application of manually
guided forces by an osteopathic physician to alleviate somatic
dysfunction. This is accomplished by a variety of techniques.
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Q. What are some techniques used in Osteopathic manipulative
treatment?
</strong>
</p>
<p>A. Some techniques include:</p>
<p>
1. Articulatory treatment - low velocity, moderate to high amplitude
technique that carries a joint through a full range of motion to
increase freedom of movement.
</p>
<p>
2. Counterstrain - inhibits inappropriate strain reflex by applying mild
strain opposite to the reflex.
</p>
<p>
3. Cranial treatment - diagnosis and treatment using the primary
respiratory mechanism.
</p>
<p>
4. Directed treatment - engages the restrictive barrier and carries the
dysfunctional component towards the restricted barrier.
</p>
<p>
5. Exaggeration treatment - moves the dysfunctional component away from
the restricted barrier through and beyond the range of motion.
</p>
<p>
6. Facilitated positional release - myofascial release treatment
involving activating force compression or torsion.
</p>
<p>
7. Muscle energy treatment - patient moves as directed by the physician
against defined resistance.
</p>
<p>
10. Myofascial treatment - continuous palpatory feedback to achieve
release of myofascial tissues.
</p>
<p>11. Ligamentous articular strain - myofascial release techniques.</p>
<p>
12. Traction treatment - stretching or separating parts along the
longitudinal axis.
</p>
<p>13. Visceral manipulation - positioning viscera to fascial balance.</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is the Osteopathic philosophy?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. Osteopathic medicine is a philosophy of healthcare and a distinctive
art supported by expanding scientific knowledge. Its philosophy embraces
the concept of the unity of the living organism's structure and
function. It applies science and art to establish and maintain health,
prevent and alleviate disease. Osteopathic concepts emphasize principles
like the body's self-regulatory mechanisms, interrelation of structure
and function, and rational treatment based on these principles.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is an Osteopathic structural examination?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. An examination of the patient by an osteopathic physician with an
emphasis on the neuromuscular skeletal system. It includes palpatory
diagnosis of somatic dysfunction in the context of total patient care.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is palpatory diagnosis?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. It is the process of palpating the patient to evaluate the
neuromuscular skeletal and visceral systems.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is the primary respiratory mechanism?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. It refers to the interdependent function among five body components:
brain and spinal cord motility, cerebral spinal fluid fluctuation,
intracranial and intraspinal spinal membrane mobility, articular
mobility of cranial bones, and sacral mobility between ilia or pelvic
bones.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is postural decompensation?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. It's the distribution of body mass away from the ideal when postural
homeostatic mechanisms are overwhelmed, resulting in changes like
scoliotic, rotational, kyphotic, or lordotic changes.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is the somato visceral reflex?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. It's an involuntary nervous system response to sensory input that
produces reflex responses in segmentally related visceral structures.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is a visceral somatic reflex?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. It's a localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex
response in segmentally related somatic structures.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is the cranial sacral mechanism?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. It refers to the connection between the occiput and sacrum by the
spinal dura mater as described by William G. Sutherland D.O.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Q. What is spinal facilitation?</strong>
</p>
<p>
A. It's the maintenance of a pool of neurons, motor neurons, or
preganglionic sympathetic neurons in a state of partial or subthreshold
excitation in the spinal cord, requiring less afferent or presynaptic
stimulation to trigger impulse discharge.
</p>
</Article>
);
};
export default ArticleOsteopathyFaq;

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import Article from "@/components/Article";
const ArticleWhatIsADo = () => {
return (
<Article
title="What is D.O.?"
author="Richard A. Feely, D.O., FAAO, FCA, FAAMA"
>
<p>
If you’re like most people, you’ve been going to a doctor ever since you
were born, and perhaps were not aware whether you were seeing a D.O.
(osteopathic physician) or an M.D. (allopathic physician). You may not
even be aware that there are two types of complete physicians in the
United States.
</p>
<p>
The fact is, that both D.O.s and M.D.s are fully qualified physicians
licensed to perform surgery and prescribe medication in all 50 states.
Is there any difference between these two kinds of doctors? Yes. And no.
</p>
<h2>DOs and MDs</h2>
<ol>
<li>
Applicants to both D.O. and M.D. colleges typically have a four-year
undergraduate degree with an emphasis on scientific courses.
</li>
<li>
Both D.O.s and M.D.s complete four years of basic medical education.
</li>
<li>
After medical school, both D.O.s and M.D.s can choose to practice in a
specialty area of medicine–such as psychiatry, surgery or
obstetrics–after completing a residency program which requires an
additional two to six years of training.
</li>
<li>
Both D.O.s and M.D.s must pass comparable state licensing
examinations.
</li>
<li>
D.O.s and M.D.s both practice in fully accredited and licensed health
care facilities.
</li>
<li>
D.O.s comprise a separate, yet equal branch of American medical care.
Together, D.O.s and M.D.s enhance the state of care available in
America.
</li>
</ol>
<h2>Something Extra</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Osteopathic medical schools emphasize training students to be primary
care physicians.
</li>
<li>Osteopathic physicians focus on preventive health care.</li>
<li>
D.O.s receive extra training in the musculoskeletal system — your
body’s interconnected system of nerves, muscles and bones that make up
two-thirds of its body mass. This training provides osteopathic
physicians with a better understanding of the ways that an injury or
illness in one part of your body can affect another.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is incorporated in the training
and practice of osteopathic physicians. With OMT, osteopathic physicians
use their hands to diagnose injury and illness and to encourage your
body’s natural tendency toward good health. By combining all other
medical procedures with OMT, D.O.s offer their patients the most
comprehensive care available in medicine today.
</p>
<h2>More than a Century of Care</h2>
<p>
Osteopathic medicine is a unique form of American medical care that was
developed in 1874 by Dr. Andrew Taylor Still. Dr. Still was dissatisfied
with the effectiveness of 19th Century medicine. He believed that many
of the medications of his day were useless or even harmful. Dr. Still
was one of the first in his time to study the attributes of good health
so that he could better understand the process of disease.
</p>
<p>
In response, Dr. Still founded a philosophy of medicine based on ideas
that date back to Hippocrates, the father of medicine. The philosophy
focuses on the unity of all body parts. He identified the
musculoskeletal system as a key element of health. He recognized the
body’s ability to heal itself and stressed preventive medicine, eating
properly and keeping fit.
</p>
<p>
Dr. Still pioneered the concept of “wellness” more than 125 years ago.
In today’s terms, personal health risks–such as smoking, high blood
pressure, excessive cholesterol levels, stress and other lifestyle
factors–are evaluated for each individual. In coordination with
appropriate medical treatment, the osteopathic physician acts as a
teacher to help patients take more responsibility for their own
well-being and change unhealthy patterns.
</p>
<p>
For more about the history of the profession, visit The History of
Osteopathic Medicine Virtual Museum.
</p>
<p>
Just as Dr. Still pioneered osteopathic medicine on the Missouri
frontier in 1874, today osteopathic physicians serve as modern day
medical pioneers.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Over half of all osteopathic physicians practice in primary care areas
such as pediatrics, family practice, obstetrics/gynecology and
internal medicine.
</li>
<li>
Many D.O.s fill a critical need for doctors by practicing in rural and
medically underserved areas.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Today osteopathic physicians continue to be on the cutting edge of
modern medicine. D.O.s are able to combine today’s medical technology
with their ears, to listen compassionately to their patients; their
eyes, to see their patients as whole persons; and their hands, to
diagnose and treat injury as well as illness.
</p>
<p>
“As an osteopathic physician, I believe in prevention. I am committed to
educating my patients so they can take the necessary steps to live and
maintain healthier lifestyles.”
</p>
<p>Tyler C. Cymet, D.O., Internal medicine, Baltimore</p>
</Article>
);
};
export default ArticleWhatIsADo;

34
website/app/(pages)/articles/views/ArtsForPatients.tsx
View file

@ -4,24 +4,36 @@ const ArtsForPatients = () => {
return ( return (
<section className="min-h-screen p-36" id="artsforpatients"> <section className="min-h-screen p-36" id="artsforpatients">
<div> <div>
<h1>Osteopathy Basics</h1> <h1>What is Osteopathy?</h1>
<Link href="/articles/pediatric-digestive-problems" className="block"> <Link href="/articles/cranial-osteopathy" className="block">
Digestive Problems Cranial Osteopathy
</Link> </Link>
<Link href="/articles/pediatric-down-syndrome" className="block"> <Link href="/articles/cranial-osteopathy-faq" className="block">
Down Syndrome Cranial Osteopathy FAQ
</Link> </Link>
<Link href="/articles/pediatric-orthopedic-problems" className="block"> <Link href="/articles/intro-to-osteopathy" className="block">
Orthopedic Problems Introduction to Osteopathy
</Link> </Link>
<Link href="/articles/pediatric-respiratory-health" className="block"> <Link href="/articles/osteopath-comparison-table" className="block">
Respiratory Health Osteopath Comparison Table
</Link> </Link>
<Link <Link
href="/articles/pediatric-treatment-for-newborns" href="/articles/osteopathic-manipulation-in-pregnancy"
className="block" className="block"
> >
Treatment for the Newborn Osteopathic Manipulation in Pregnancy
</Link>
<Link
href="/articles/osteopathic-manipulative-treatment"
className="block"
>
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment
</Link>
<Link href="/articles/osteopathy-faq" className="block">
Osteopathy FAQ
</Link>
<Link href="/articles/what-is-a-do" className="block">
What is a D.O.?
</Link> </Link>
</div> </div>
<div> <div>